Definition
The Black Death refers to a devastating pandemic, primarily in the 14th century, that caused widespread death throughout Europe and Asia, typically identified as a form of bubonic plague. This highly infectious disease is caused by bacteria transmitted mainly by fleas on rodents, leading to symptoms such as swelling, fever, and often resulting in death in humans.
黑死病（十四世纪在欧洲和亚洲爆发，造成大量人口死亡的一种传染病，一般认为是鼠疫的一种形式）
The confluence of crop failures, warfare, and the emergence of the Black Death in the 14th century significantly decimated the population, reducing it by between a half and a third.
14世纪的作物歉收、战争和黑死病的爆发，显著减少了人口，使其减少了一半到三分之一。
Following the Black Death, a severe labor shortage ensued, dramatically altering the socioeconomic landscape.
黑死病之后，严重的劳动力短缺随之而来，显著改变了社会经济面貌。
Historians continue to investigate the long-term ramifications of the Black Death on medieval society.
历史学家们继续研究黑死病对中世纪社会的长期影响。