externality
名词
定义 externality 名词
effect(影响)
- Countable(可数名词)finance & economics(金融与经济)specialized(专业)
An indirect positive or negative consequence of an individual's actions on others.
外部效应；外部性
Governments must consider various externalities, including environmental and social impacts, when formulating policies.
政府在制定政策时，必须考虑各种外部性，包括环境和社会影响。
The factory's wastewater discharge created a negative externality for the downstream communities, leading to health problems.
工厂的废水排放对下游社区产生了负面外部性，导致健康问题。
Education is seen as having positive externalities because it benefits not only the individual but also society.
教育被认为具有正面外部性，因为它不仅使个人受益，也使社会受益。