hard
形容词
定义 hard 形容词
solid(固体)
- A2
difficult to bend, cut, or break; solid and firm.
坚硬的；坚固的
a solid, hard surface
一个坚固、坚硬的表面
The heavy frost last night has made the ground very hard.
昨晚的严重霜冻使地面变得非常坚硬
This wood is so hard that it's difficult to hammer nails into.
这种木头非常坚硬，很难钉钉子
difficult(困难)
- A1
difficult to understand, do, experience, or deal with; requiring effort or skill.
困难的；费力的
That was a very hard question.
那是个非常困难的问题。
It's hard for me to believe what she said.
我难以相信她说的话。
It's been a hard time for him.
这段时间对他来说很艰难。
effort(努力)
- B1
requiring a significant amount of physical or mental effort; strenuous.
费体力的；艰苦的
Moving heavy boxes is hard work.
搬运重箱子是辛苦的工作。
After much hard work, she finally won the competition.
经过许多艰苦的工作，她终于赢得了比赛。
severity(严厉)
- B2
not kind or gentle; severe in nature or treatment; unyielding.
严厉的；苛刻的
You need to be hard to survive in the business world.
你需要在商界中强硬才能生存。
He was very hard on his employees.
他对员工非常严厉。
Life had made him hard.
生活让他变得冷酷。
alcohol(酒精)
- Before noun(前置形容词)
containing a high level of alcohol; strong.
烈性的；高酒精度的
He enjoys drinking hard liquor.
他喜欢喝烈酒。
water(水)
containing a high level of minerals, which prevents soap from cleaning effectively.
（水）硬的；含矿物质多的
clarity(清晰)
- Before noun(前置形容词)
able to be proven; undeniable and factual.
确凿的；不容置疑的
They needed hard evidence to press charges.
他们需要确凿的证据来提出指控。
weather(天气)
describing a period of time with severe weather conditions.
（指某个时间）天气恶劣的
We had a hard winter with lots of snow and cold weather this year.
我们今年经历了一个严冬，下了很多雪，天气非常寒冷。
片语 hard 形容词
- be hard on someone
To criticize or treat someone severely or unfairly.
对人严厉；刻薄人
• Don't be too hard on him; he's only just started this job.
不要对他太严厉；他才刚开始这份工作。
副词
定义 hard 副词
effort(努力)
- A1
with great physical or mental effort; diligently or intensely.
费力地；努力地；艰难地
She studied hard for her exams.
她为了考试努力学习。
We need to work hard to achieve our goals.
我们需要努力工作才能实现目标。
weather(天气)
- B1
with great intensity or force; if it rains or snows hard, it rains or snows a lot.
（雨或雪下得）猛烈地；大量地
It was raining hard last night.
昨晚雨下得很大。
成语
- (that's) your hard luck
This phrase is used to express that someone's misfortune is their own fault.
活该倒霉（自作自受）
• You didn't back up your files, and now that your computer crashed and you lost everything, that's your hard luck.
你没有备份文件，现在电脑崩溃，你失去了一切，那是你自找的。
- feel hard done-by
to believe that one has been treated unfairly or unjustly.
感到自己受到了不公正或不公平的待遇。
• She felt hard done-by because she was always doing extra work while her colleagues took it easy.
她感到自己受到了不公平对待，因为她总是在做额外的工作，而她的同事们却很轻松。
- hard feelings
A feeling of anger or resentment towards someone as a result of a disagreement or conflict.
因为争执而产生的怨恨
• Although they disagreed during the meeting, there were no hard feelings afterward.
虽然他们在会议中有分歧，但事后并没有产生任何不愉快。
- hard at it
Working diligently and with great effort.
努力工作
• Even though it was almost midnight, the students were still hard at it, studying.
虽然已经快到午夜了，学生们仍然在努力地学习。
- hard to swallow
Difficult to believe or accept.
难以令人相信或接受。
• His explanation was really hard to swallow.
他的解释真的很难令人相信。
- be no hard and fast rules
This idiom indicates that there are no strict or inflexible rules that must be followed.
没有明确的规则
• There are no hard and fast rules about how to approach this problem, so we need to be more flexible.
对于如何处理这个问题，并没有明确的规则，所以我们需要更加灵活。
- the hard way
A method of accomplishing something that is unnecessarily difficult or complicated.
走彎路
• He always tries to solve problems the hard way.
他总是试图以困难的方式解决问题。
- take a hard line on someone/something
To adopt a very strict or uncompromising approach in dealing with someone or something.
对…采取强硬手段
• The company decided to take a hard line on employees who submit late reports.
公司决定对提交迟到报告的员工采取强硬立场。
- hard luck!
used to express sympathy when someone has experienced a minor misfortune or setback.
（用于表示同情）真是运气不好！
• "I heard you missed the promotion opportunity." "Oh, hard luck!"
「听说你错过了升职机会。」「哦，真是运气不好！」