hard
adjective
Definitions of hard adjective
solid(固體)
- A2
difficult to bend, cut, or break; solid and firm.
堅硬的；堅固的
a solid, hard surface
一個堅固、堅硬的表面
The heavy frost last night has made the ground very hard.
昨晚的嚴重霜凍使地面變得非常堅硬
This wood is so hard that it's difficult to hammer nails into.
這種木頭非常堅硬，很難釘釘子
difficult(困難)
- A1
difficult to understand, do, experience, or deal with; requiring effort or skill.
困難的；費力的
That was a very hard question.
那是個非常困難的問題。
It's hard for me to believe what she said.
我難以相信她說的話。
It's been a hard time for him.
這段時間對他來說很艱難。
effort(努力)
- B1
requiring a significant amount of physical or mental effort; strenuous.
費體力的；艱苦的
Moving heavy boxes is hard work.
搬運重箱子是辛苦的工作。
After much hard work, she finally won the competition.
經過許多艱苦的工作，她終於贏得了比賽。
severity(嚴厲)
- B2
not kind or gentle; severe in nature or treatment; unyielding.
嚴厲的；苛刻的
You need to be hard to survive in the business world.
你需要在商界中強硬才能生存。
He was very hard on his employees.
他對員工非常嚴厲。
Life had made him hard.
生活讓他變得冷酷。
alcohol(酒精)
- Before noun(前置形容詞)
containing a high level of alcohol; strong.
烈性的；高酒精度的
He enjoys drinking hard liquor.
他喜歡喝烈酒。
water(水)
containing a high level of minerals, which prevents soap from cleaning effectively.
（水）硬的；含礦物質多的
clarity(清晰)
- Before noun(前置形容詞)
able to be proven; undeniable and factual.
確鑿的；不容置疑的
They needed hard evidence to press charges.
他們需要確鑿的證據來提出指控。
weather(天氣)
describing a period of time with severe weather conditions.
（指某個時間）天氣惡劣的
We had a hard winter with lots of snow and cold weather this year.
我們今年經歷了一個嚴冬，下了很多雪，天氣非常寒冷。
Phrases of hard adjective
- be hard on someone
To criticize or treat someone severely or unfairly.
對人嚴厲；刻薄人
• Don't be too hard on him; he's only just started this job.
不要對他太嚴厲；他才剛開始這份工作。
adverb
Definitions of hard adverb
effort(努力)
- A1
with great physical or mental effort; diligently or intensely.
費力地；努力地；艱難地
She studied hard for her exams.
她為了考試努力學習。
We need to work hard to achieve our goals.
我們需要努力工作才能實現目標。
weather(天氣)
- B1
with great intensity or force; if it rains or snows hard, it rains or snows a lot.
（雨或雪下得）猛烈地；大量地
It was raining hard last night.
昨晚雨下得很大。
Idioms
- (that's) your hard luck
This phrase is used to express that someone's misfortune is their own fault.
活該倒楣（自作自受）
• You didn't back up your files, and now that your computer crashed and you lost everything, that's your hard luck.
你沒有備份檔案，現在電腦當機，你失去了一切，那是你自找的。
- feel hard done-by
to believe that one has been treated unfairly or unjustly.
感到自己受到了不公正或不公平的待遇。
• She felt hard done-by because she was always doing extra work while her colleagues took it easy.
她感到自己受到了不公平對待，因為她總是在做額外的工作，而她的同事們卻很輕鬆。
- hard feelings
A feeling of anger or resentment towards someone as a result of a disagreement or conflict.
因為爭執而產生的怨恨
• Although they disagreed during the meeting, there were no hard feelings afterward.
雖然他們在會議中有分歧，但事後並沒有產生任何不愉快。
- hard at it
Working diligently and with great effort.
努力工作
• Even though it was almost midnight, the students were still hard at it, studying.
雖然已經快到午夜了，學生們仍然在努力地學習。
- hard to swallow
Difficult to believe or accept.
難以令人相信或接受。
• His explanation was really hard to swallow.
他的解釋真的很難令人相信。
- be no hard and fast rules
This idiom indicates that there are no strict or inflexible rules that must be followed.
沒有明確的規則
• There are no hard and fast rules about how to approach this problem, so we need to be more flexible.
對於如何處理這個問題，並沒有明確的規則，所以我們需要更加靈活。
- the hard way
A method of accomplishing something that is unnecessarily difficult or complicated.
走彎路
• He always tries to solve problems the hard way.
他總是試圖以困難的方式解決問題。
- take a hard line on someone/something
To adopt a very strict or uncompromising approach in dealing with someone or something.
對…采取強硬手段
• The company decided to take a hard line on employees who submit late reports.
公司決定對提交遲到報告的員工採取強硬立場。
- hard luck!
used to express sympathy when someone has experienced a minor misfortune or setback.
（用於表示同情）真是運氣不好！
• "I heard you missed the promotion opportunity." "Oh, hard luck!"
「聽說你錯過了升職機會。」「哦，真是運氣不好！」